Objective: To explore and study the application value of the "hospital-community linkage" system based on the "self-mutual-group" integrated management model in elderly patients with diabetes. Methods: The study was conducted from October 2023 to July 2024. A total of 100 elderly patients with diabetes who attended the outpatient department of our hospital were selected as the research subjects. Using a computer-generated random number sequence, the patients were divided into a study group of 50 cases and a regular group of 50 cases at a 1:1 ratio. The regular group received routine management, while the study group received management based on the "hospital-community linkage" system with the "self-mutual-group" integrated management model, in addition to the management provided to the regular group. The observation period for both groups was 6 months, and the management effects of the two groups were recorded. Results: During the 6-month management period, the hemoglobin achievement rate in the study group was 70.00%, significantly higher than that in the regular group (50.00%) (P<0.05). After 6 months of management, both groups showed lower fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels compared to before management (P<0.05). Moreover, the fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels in the study group were significantly lower than those in the regular group after 6 months of management (P<0.05). During the 6-month management period, the study group exhibited significantly higher medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring adherence, and outpatient follow-up adherence compared to the regular group (P<0.05). The self-management efficacy scores of the two groups after 6 months of management were higher than before management (P<0.05), and the self-management efficacy scores of the study group after 6 months of management were also significantly higher than those of the regular group (P<0.05). The incidence rates of hypoglycemia, adverse drug reactions, falls, and other events during the 6-month management period in the study group were significantly lower than those in the regular group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of the "hospital-community linkage" system based on the "self-mutual-group" integrated management model in elderly patients with diabetes can promote reductions in fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose levels, improve patients" hemoglobin achievement rates, enhance adherence and self-management efficacy, and reduce the incidence of safety events in patients.