Objective: To investigate the significance of blood uric acid, urine β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and early-stage renal damage. Methods: The clinical data of 70 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated in the hospital from January 2024 to September 2025 were retrospectively collected. According to the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), patients were divided into the early-stage renal damage group and the simple diabetes group. Blood uric acid, β2-MG, and UACR were compared between the two groups. The correlation between these indicators and early-stage renal damage as well as their diagnostic value were analyzed. Results: Blood uric acid, β2-MG, and UACR in the early-stage renal damage group were higher than those in the simple diabetes group (P<0.05). Blood uric acid, β2-MG, and UACR were positively correlated with early-stage renal damage (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that blood uric acid, β2-MG, and UACR had certain diagnostic value for early-stage renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus，and combined testing has better diagnostic value (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combined detection of blood uric acid, β2-MG, and UACR can help diagnose early-stage renal damage in type 2 diabetes mellitus.