Objective: To analyze the risk factors for postpartum urinary retention (PPUR) in primiparous women receiving labor analgesia, and propose relevant preventive measures. Methods: The data of 200 primiparous women who gave birth and received labor analgesia in the hospital from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2024 were retrospectively collected. The women were divided into the PPUR group (n=40) and the non-PPUR group (n=160) according to whether they experienced PPUR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the risk factors for PPUR in primiparous women receiving labor analgesia. Results: Compared with the non-PPUR group, the PPUR group exhibited increases in the proportion of women with fever during labor, the duration of the second stage of labor, and the proportions of women using oxytocin, women with ≥ grade II perineal lacerations, and women experiencing forceps-assisted delivery (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the duration of the second stage of labor, perineal laceration, and forceps-assisted delivery were independent risk factors for PPUR in primiparous women receiving labor analgesia (P<0.05). Conclusion: Prolonged second stage of labor, perineal laceration, and forceps-assisted delivery are independent risk factors for PPUR in primiparous women receiving labor analgesia. Clinically, attention should be paid to shortening the stage of labor, reducing the use of forceps, and preventing perineal injuries to reduce the risk of PPUR.