Objective: To analyze the effect of novel wet amniotic membrane transplantation combined with pterygium excision in the treatment of primary pterygium. Methods: The clinical data of 120 patients with primary pterygium who were treated with novel wet amniotic membrane transplantation combined with pterygium excision in our hospital from February 2021 to February 2024 were retrospectively collected and included in the observation group. The clinical data of 120 patients with primary pterygium who underwent pterygium excision treatment in our hospital at a ratio of 1:1 were collected and included in the control group. The postoperative recovery, vision improvement, incidence of postoperative complications and recurrence of the two groups were statistically analyzed and compared. Result: The time for postoperative redness relief, foreign body sensation relief and corneal epithelial healing in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (P < 0.05). At 30 days after the operation, the UCVA (LogMAR) and BCVA (LogMAR) of both groups decreased significantly compared with those before the operation, and the UCVA (LogMAR) and BCVA (LogMAR) of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with pterygium excision, the new wet amniotic membrane transplantation combined with pterygium excision for the treatment of primary pterygium can promote early postoperative recovery, improve postoperative vision, reduce complications, and has higher safety.