Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the effects of different doses of ropivacaine combined with sufentanil spinal epidural anesthesia on cesarean section mothers and newborns, in order to provide scientific basis for the selection of clinical anesthesia regimens. Methods: This study selected 539 parturients who underwent cesarean section surgery between December 2022 and June 2024 as the research subjects. After strict inclusion and exclusion criteria screening, 466 parturients were finally included. According to the concentration, specific gravity, and dose of ropivacaine used in spinal epidural anesthesia, parturients were divided into two groups: the HSA group (236 cases) received low-dose ropivacaine (0.285%) combined with sufentanil subarachnoid injection, while the GSA group (199 cases) received medium dose ropivacaine (0.5%) with high specific gravity. Results: There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the grade 1 rate and Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes of spinal anesthesia efficacy between the two groups at different time periods. The HSA group had shorter sensory block maintenance time, pain recovery time to completion, and walking time to completion than the GSA group (P<0.05). The drug concentration, proportion, and dosage used at 40-50 minutes, 1-1.5 hours, and 1.5-2 hours, as well as the proportion of supine hypotension and incidence of adverse reactions, were lower than those in the GSA group. The sensory block plane maintenance time was shorter than that in the GSA group, and the rate of muscle strength above grade 4 immediately after completion was higher than that in the GSA group (P<0.05). At the same time, the variability of SPO2, MAP, and heart rate in the HSA group was lower than that in the GSA group (P<0.05), and the VAS scores and Bromage scores at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery were lower than those in the GSA group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the lumbar epidural anesthesia of cesarean section women, the intervention of low specific gravity and low dose ropivacaine (0.285%) combined with sufentanil can better stabilize the hemodynamics of the women, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions, improve anesthesia safety, and promote postoperative recovery.