Objective: To explore the influence value of cognitive behavior therapy + self-management nursing model intervention in the diagnosis and treatment plan of patients with chronic gastritis on improving patients" treatment compliance and improving the rehabilitation effect. Methods: 86 patients with chronic gastritis admitted to our hospital from August 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group according to the "random number table method", with 43 patients in each group. The control group received routine nursing interventions, while the observation group received cognitive-behavioral therapy and self-management interventions. The Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) was used to evaluate the psychological status of patients before and after intervention, the ESCA scale was used to evaluate their self-care ability, and the SF-36 scale was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients before and after intervention. The treatment compliance and rehabilitation effects of the two groups of patients were compared. Results: After intervention, the scores of anxiety, depression, paranoia, and hostility in both groups decreased, and the observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05); The treatment compliance of the observation group patients was 97.67%, while that of the control group patients was 81.40%. The treatment compliance of the observation group patients was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); After intervention, the scores of self-care skills, self-concept, health cognition, and sense of self responsibility increased in both groups of patients, and the observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05); The time for the disappearance of abdominal pain and the recovery of gastrointestinal function in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05); After intervention, PF, BP, SF, and MH scores increased in both groups, and the observation group had higher PF, BP, SF, and MH scores than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The combination of self-management and cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention applied to the diagnosis and treatment assistance of patients with chronic gastritis can better help alleviate negative emotions, promote treatment compliance and self-care ability, thereby achieving higher rehabilitation effects and increasing their quality of life scores, which can be used as a reference.