Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive tooth extraction using high-speed turbine dental drill in the treatment of impacted wisdom teeth. Methods: A total of 80 patients with impacted wisdom teeth treated at the hospital from June 2023 to January 2025 were selected for the study. According to the treatment method, they were divided into the observation group (n=40, minimally invasive tooth extraction using high-speed turbine dental drill) and the control group (n=40, traditional mallet and chisel techniques). The main efficacy indicators, surgery-related indicators, postoperative pain, and safety were compared between the two groups. Results: The intact rate of tooth extraction socket was higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Cheek swelling and restriction of mouth opening were milder in the observation group (P<0.05). Surgical time and bone healing time of the observation group were shorter (P<0.05), and intraoperative blood loss of the observation group was less (P<0.05). The observation group had lower VAS scores than the control group at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after surgery (P<0.05). The total postoperative complication rate was significantly lower in the observation group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Minimally invasive tooth extraction using high-speed turbine dental drill can improve the integrity of tooth extraction socket, alleviate postoperative swelling, restriction of mouth opening and pain, shorten surgical time and bone healing time, and reduce complication rate in the treatment of impacted wisdom teeth.