Objective To explore the efficacy, survival period and quality of life of camrelizumab combined therapy in elderly patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Methods 102 elderly patients with advanced esophageal cancer admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the study objects. Patients were divided into TP chemotherapy group and carrilizumab group by random number table method, with 51 cases in each group. TP chemotherapy group was treated with TP chemotherapy regimen. The carrilizumab group was treated with TP chemotherapy combined with carrilizumab. The clinical therapeutic effect, adverse reaction of chemotherapy, tumor marker[serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), CYFRA 21-1(CY211)], the Quality of Life (QOL) of patients, the 1-year survival rate and 2-year survival rate in each group was assessed and compared before and after treatment. Results The total effective rate of carrilizumab group was significantly higher than that of TP chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the levels of SCC-Ag and CY211 in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and the levels of SCC-Ag and CY211 in carrilizumab group were significantly lower than those in TP chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). After treatment, QOL scores in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and QOL scores in carrilizumab group were significantly higher than those in TP chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The 1-year and 2-year survival rates in carrilizumab group were significantly higher than those in TP chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Carrilizumab combined with TP chemotherapy can improve the efficacy of elderly patients with advanced esophageal cancer, reduce the level of tumor markers, improve the survival rate and improve the quality of life of patients, and have high safety.