Objective: To clarify the application effect of aerosol inhalation combined with voice rehabilitation training on patients with hoarseness after thyroid surgery. Methods: Sixty patients with hoarseness after thyroid surgery in department of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery of the hospital were included from January 2024 to February 2025, and were divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine drug therapy combined with voice rehabilitation training, while the observation group was combined with aerosol inhalation of budesonide on this basis. The clinical efficacy and voice analysis and rehabilitation status before and after treatment were compared between groups, and the adverse reactions during treatment were observed and recorded. Results: The total effective rate of clinical treatment and good rate of vocal cord activity in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the Jitter, Shimmer and normalized noise energy (NNE) in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05) while the harmonic noise ratio (HNR) and maximum phonation time (MPT) were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). The scores of total hoarseness, roughness, breath, weakness, tension, physiological disorder, dysfunction and emotional disorder were significantly lower in observation group than those in control group (P<0.05). There were no differences in the incidence rates of adverse reactions between groups during treatment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Aerosol inhalation combined with voice rehabilitation therapy has an exact effect in the treatment of hoarseness after thyroid surgery, and it is helpful to improve the voice parameters and voice quality, and correct the hoarseness and voice disorder.