Objective: To analyze the clinical features, laboratory indexes, etiology and risk factor of neonatal septicemia complicated with suppurative meningitis. Methods: A total of One hundred and nine cases of septicemia neonates in our hospital were retrospectively collected. Eighty-two cases of neonates without suppurative meningitis were assigned to SWM group, and twenty-seven cases of neonates with suppurative meningitis were assigned to SPM group. The general data, laboratory indicators, etiology, antibiotic treatment, clinical outcomes and risk factor of the two groups were compared. Results: The incidence of asphyxia, lethargy, dystonia, full fontanel and convulsion in SPM group were higher than those in SWM group (all P<0.05). The peripheral blood C-reactive protein, cerebrospinal fluid protein and nucleated cells in SPM group were higher than those in SWM group (all P<0.05). One hundred and sixteen strains of pathogens were isolated from one hundred and nine neonates. The proportion of gram-negative bacteria was 65.52% in SPM group higher than that 42.53% in SWM group (χ2=4.603, P=0.032). The resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus and epidermal staphylococcus to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and oxacillin was more than 50%. The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin, cefazolin, tetracycline, minocycline and ciprofloxacin were more than 50%. The clinical recovery rate of neonates in SPM group was 29.27% lower than that 51.85% in SWM group (χ2=4.562, P=0.033). Binary logistic regression analysis showed asphyxia at birth (OR=2.861, 95%Cl: 1.018～8.045, P=0.046), convulsions (OR=4.628, 95%Cl: 1.392-15.377, P=0.012), cerebrospinal fluid protein ≥600mg/L (OR=3.611, 95%Cl: 1.272-10.243, P=0.017), the number of nucleated cells ≥20×109/L (OR=2.863, 95%Cl: (1.048～7.807, P=0.040) was an independent risk factor for neonatal sepsis combined with purulent meningitis. Conclusion: Newborns diagnosed with sepsis have asphyxia, convulsions, elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein and nucleated cell numbers at birth, and are prone to secondary purulent meningitis.