Objective: To investigate the influence of delayed implantation and immediate implantation on the tooth defect surrounding soft tissue and alveolar bone absorption volume. Methods: 50 patients with tooth defect in the hospital were selected from January 2022 to December 2024, and were divided into delayed group (delayed implantation) and immediate group (immediate implantation) according to different implantation timing. The propensity matching score method was used to exclude the confounding factors of baseline data such as gender and age (caliper=0.02). Finally, 24 patients (24 affected teeth) were included in each group for study. The tooth defect surrounding soft tissue [pink estheticscorex (PES)] and alveolar bone absorption volume were compared between groups at 3 months and 6 months after repair, and the success rate of implant was evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference in PES score between the two groups immediately after repair (P>0.05), and the PES score in the two groups at 3 months and 6 months after repair was gradually risen than that immediately after repair, and the PES score in immediate group was higher than that in delayed group (P<0.05). The alveolar bone absorption volume in both groups was higher at 6 months after repair than that at 3 months after repair, but the absorption volume at 3 months and 6 months after repair was less in immediate group than that in delayed group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the alveolar width between groups at 3 months and 6 months after repair (P>0.05). The implant success rate revealed no obvious difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: Compared with delayed implantation, immediate implantation can better promote the recovery of tooth defect surrounding soft tissue and reduce the alveolar bone absorption volume, but the influence on alveolar width and implant success rate is similar to that of delayed implantation.