Objective: To explore the correlation between peripheral blood immune cell subsets, cytokines and severity of pediatric asthma. Methods: A total of 60 children with asthma in The Second People"s Hospital of Jingdezhen were enrolled between January 2023 and December 2024. The levels of peripheral blood immune cell subsets and cytokines were detected. The severity of asthma was evaluated, and the correlation between peripheral blood immune cell subsets, cytokines and severity of pediatric asthma was explored. Results: Among the 60 children, there were 15 cases with mild asthma, 33 cases with moderate asthma and 12 cases with severe asthma. The comparison of the levels of peripheral blood immune cell subsets in different groups showed that with the aggravation of the severity of asthma in children, the level of CD4+ in children showed an upward trend, and the level of CD8 + showed a downward trend. The level of CD4+/CD8 + showed an upward trend. The results of comparison between groups showed that the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05 ). The comparison of cytokine levels in different groups showed that with the aggravation of asthma, the levels of TNF-α and sPD-L1 showed a gradual upward trend, while the level of CC-16 showed a downward trend. The results of comparison between groups showed that the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The severity of asthma was significantly correlated with levels of peripheral blood immune cell subsets and cytokines (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of peripheral blood immune cell subsets and cytokines are correlated with disease severity in asthma children.