Objective: To investigate the risk factors of brain injury after resuscitation of neonatal asphyxia. Methods: 85 cases of asphyxia neonates admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to September 2024 were selected as the study objects. According to the occurrence of brain injury after resuscitation treatment, the newborns were divided into occurrence group and non-occurrence group. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of brain injury after resuscitation of neonatal asphyxia. Results: After resuscitation treatment of 85 neonates with asphyxia, 12 cases had brain injury, 73 cases did not have brain injury, and the incidence of brain injury was not 14.12%. Univariate analysis showed that the time of asphyxia, Apgar score of 1 min, blood gas pH of umbilical artery and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the occurrence group were significantly different from those in the non-occurrence group (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that neonatal asphyxia time ≥4min, Apgar score < 3 min, umbilical artery blood gas pH decrease and IL-6 level increase were independent risk factors for brain injury after neonatal asphyxia recovery (OR > 1, P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a certain risk of brain injury after resuscitation of asphyxia in neonates, and the influencing factors are asphyxia time ≥4min, Apgar score < 3 within 1 min, pH value of umbilical artery blood gas and IL-6 level.