Objective: To analyze vaginitis and human papillomavirus (HPV) features in women of childbearing age in the gynecological outpatient clinic. Methods: The clinical data of 70 women of childbearing age who underwent routine health check-ups and completed vaginitis and HPV testing at the gynecological outpatient clinic of Hukou County Maternal and Child Health Hospital from May 2023 to May 2024 were retrospectively collected. The distribution of vaginitis related pathogens, HPV infection in different age groups, and distribution of HPV subtypes were statistically analyzed. Results: In this study, the positive rate of vaginitis was 44.28%. Among detected pathogens, there were 21 strains of fungi, 11 strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum, and 1 strain of Chlamydia trachomatis. The HPV positive rate was 68.57%, and HPV positive rate was the highest in the 18-30-year-old group (52.08%), followed by the >40-year-old group (39.58%). Both were higher than that in the 31-40-year-old group (8.33%) (P<0.05). The top 5 subtypes of HPV were HPV-52 (29.17%), HPV-58 (18.75%), HPV-51 (12.50%), HPV-53 (10.42%), and HPV-16 (6.25%). Conclusion: The detection rates of vaginitis and HPV are relatively high in women of childbearing age in the gynecological outpatient clinic. Fungi and Ureaplasma urealyticum are main pathogens causing vaginitis. Single HPV subtype infection is more common. HPV-52, HPV-58, HPV-51, HPV-53, and HPV-16 are more common HPV subtypes. It is important to strengthen the prevention and treatment of HPV infection in women aged 18-30 years and over 40 years old.