Objective: To study and analyze the effect of semi-circular balloon compression surgery on the clinical treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Methods: 80 patients with third branch trigeminal neuralgia were selected as the research subjects, all of whom received surgical treatment in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2023. They were divided into two groups according to the odd even number method, with odd numbers assigned to the observation group (n=40) and even numbers assigned to the control group (n=40). The control group received microvascular decompression treatment, while the observation group received PBC treatment. Observe and compare the pain level scores, serum inflammatory factor levels before and after surgery, effective rate, and incidence of complications between two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in pain level scores between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05), while the pain level scores of the observation group were lower on postoperative day 1 and day 14 (P<0.05); There was no significant difference in the levels of various serum inflammatory factors between the two groups before surgery (P>0.05); After surgery, the levels of various serum inflammatory factors in both groups significantly increased, and the levels of various serum inflammatory factors in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); Compared with the control group, the observation group had a higher effective rate (P<0.05); Compared with the control group, the observation group had a lower incidence of complications (P<0.05). Conclusion: Half moon balloon compression surgery has a good therapeutic effect on patients with third branch trigeminal neuralgia, which can effectively reduce the patient"s pain sensation, lower serum inflammatory factor levels and the occurrence of complications, and improve the treatment efficiency.