Objective: To analyze the clinical significance of joint detection of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and sex hormones in the diagnosis of premature ovarian failure (POF) in women with menstrual disorders. Methods: The clinical data of 78 patients with menstrual disorders who visited the hospital from January 2021 to June 2024 were retrospectively collected. According to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level, the patients were divided into premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) group (37 cases) and POF group (41 cases). Baseline data and the levels of AMH, progesterone (P), testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were compared between the two groups. Stepwise unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors for POF in patients with menstrual disorders. The receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of each risk factor for POF in patients with menstrual disorders using the area under the curve (AUC). Results: The levels of AMH, E2, and LH in the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis results showed that decreased AMH and E2 levels and elevated LH level were independent risk factors for POF in patients with menstrual disorders (P<0.05). The AUCs of AMH, E2, and LH levels for diagnosing POF in patients with menstrual disorders were 0.802, 0.775, and 0.755. The AUC of combined (parallel) diagnosis was 0.862 (95% CI: 0.765-0.930). The sensitivity and specificity were 78.05% and 83.78%. The AUC of combined diagnosis was larger than that of each indicator (Z=5.728, P<0.01; Z=4.751, P<0.01; Z=4.182, P<0.01). Conclusion: Decreased AMH and E2 levels and elevated LH level are independent risk factors for POF in patients with menstrual disorders. AMH, E2, and LH levels can be used to diagnose POF, and their combination can improve diagnostic efficacy.