Objective To investigate the correlation between serum complement C1q/ tumor necrosis factor associated protein 3 (CTRP3) and bone metabolism in patients with hyperthyroidism. Methods Eighty-five patients with hyperthyroidism admitted to our hospital from October 2021 to October 2023 were selected as the study objects. 85 patients with hyperthyroidism were divided into two groups with osteoporosis (n=20) and without osteoporosis (n=65) according to the bone mineral density test results. Baseline data and thyroid hormone indexes (free triiodothyronine, free tetraiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, total triiodothyronine, serum total thyroxine), serum CTRP3 levels, bone metabolism (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type I procollagen aminopropeptide, alkaline phosphatase, n-terminal osteocalcin) were collected in both groups at admission. And the correlation between serum CTRP3 level and bone metabolism indexes in patients with hyperthyroidism was analyzed. Results Bone mineral density (BMD) of 85 patients with hyperthyroidism was -3.5- (-1.66), with an average of -2.23±0.49. Bone mineral density T-value ≤-2.5 was considered as osteoporosis. Among the 85 patients, there were 20 patients with osteoporosis and 65 patients without osteoporosis. Bone mineral density (BMD) of 20 patients with osteoporosis was -3.5- (-2.51), with an average of -2.89±0.31. Serum CTRP3 level in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than that in non-osteoporosis group, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type I procollagen aminopropeptide, alkaline phosphatase and n-terminal osteocalcin levels were significantly higher than those in non-osteoporosis group (P < 0.05). Bivariate pearson correlation analysis showed that serum CTRP3 levels were negatively correlated with bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type I procollagen aminopropeptide, alkaline phosphatase and n-terminal osteocalcin levels (r < 0, P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum CTRP3 level is related to bone metabolism indexes (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, type I procollagen aminopropeptide, alkaline phosphatase, n-terminal osteocalcin) in patients with hyperthyroidism.