Objective: To investigate the effects of combined treatment of improved fundus laser photocoagulation and leizumab on proliferative diabetic Retinopathy (PDR). Methods: The clinical data of 116 patients with PDR admitted to our ophthalmology department from March 2022 to March 2024 were retrospectively collected. According to different treatment methods, 116 patients were divided into group A (modified fundus laser photocoagulation treatment, n= 58,58 eyes) and group B (modified fundus laser photocoagulation treatment plus leizumab treatment, n= 58,58 eyes). The visual acuity levels (best corrected visual acuity, visualfieldindex (VFI), mean visualfield defect (MD)], macular blood flow density [superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP)] and postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: Compared with pre-operation, the best corrected visual acuity, VFI and MD were significantly increased in both groups 3 m after operation, and the best corrected visual acuity, VFI and MD in group B were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). At 3 m after operation, SCP and DCP in both groups were significantly higher than those before operation, and SCP and DCP in group B were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications in group B was significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of modified fundus laser photocoagulation and leizumab in PDR patients can improve postoperative visual acuity function, adjust macular blood flow density, and reduce postoperative complications.