Objective: To investigate the effect of laparotomy and laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal on clinical efficacy and quality of life. Methods: 120 patients with ovarian cysts admitted to our hospital from April 2022 to April 2024 were selected as the study objects. The patients were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 60 cases in each group. The control group underwent laparotomy; The study group performed laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal. The therapeutic effects, perioperative indexes, complications and quality of life (QOREF quality of life score) of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: After treatment, the effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, exhaust time and hospital stay of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The complication rate of the study group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, there were no significant differences in QOREF scores of physiological function, social function and emotional function between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment, the QOREF scores of both groups were significantly higher than before treatment, and the QOREF scores of the study group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal can improve the treatment efficiency, improve the quality of life, reduce the amount of blood loss, shorten the length of exhaust and hospitalization, and improve the safety.