Objective: To analyze the effect of Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction combined with Salmeterol ticasone aerosol on patients with acute exacerbation chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: The clinical data of 95 patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from September 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into control group (receiving salmeterol ticasone aerosol treatment, 46 cases) and observation group (receiving Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Tang combined with salmeterol ticasone aerosol treatment, 49 cases). The therapeutic effect, pulmonary function [1s forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC], blood gas analysis indexes [partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2)], inflammatory factors [serum amyloid A (SAA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hypersensitive C-reaction protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2)] and adverse reactions of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the pulmonary functions of FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC in both groups were significantly improved, and the FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, PaCO2 was significantly decreased and PaO2 was significantly increased in both groups compared with before treatment, and the improvement range of PaCO2 and PaO2 in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of various inflammatory factors such as hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-2, SAA and IL-6 in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and the levels of various inflammatory factors in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). No adverse reactions occurred in both groups during treatment. Conclusion: Linggan Wuwei Jiangxin Decoction combined with Salmeteroticasone aerosol in the treatment of AECOPD can improve the therapeutic effect, reduce the level of inflammatory factors, improve the blood gas analysis index of patients, enhance lung function, and have high safety.