Objective: To analyze the curative effect of Lumbar disc target radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with injectional collagenase in patients with Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) who have failed conservative treatment. Methods: 84 LDH patients admitted to the pain department of our hospital from February 2022 to February 2024 were selected as the study objects. The patients were randomly divided into group A and group B with 42 cases in each group. Group A was treated with disc target radiofrequency thermocoagulation, group B was treated with disc target radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with collagenase injection. The clinical efficacy, pain, lumbar function and inflammatory response of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Results: The total effective rate of group B was significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index questionnaire in group B 3 m after surgery The ODI index was significantly lower than that of group A (P < 0.05). The serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in group B were significantly lower than those in group A 3 m after surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intervertebral disc target radiofrequency thermocoagulation combined with collagenase injection can improve the therapeutic effect, relieve pain, reduce inflammation and improve lumbar function in LDH patients who have failed conservative treatment.