Objective: To detect the ratio of helper T cell 17(Th17 cells) to regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and regulatory B cells (Breg cells) in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren"s syndrome (pSS) and its clinical significance. Methods: Thirty patients with primary Sjogren"s syndrome who were admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the experimental group. At the same time, 30 healthy patients with gender and age matching physical examination in our hospital were selected as the control group. The experimental group was treated for 3 months. Peripheral blood of the experimental group and the control group were collected before and after treatment, and peripheral blood ESR, CRP and IgG were detected respectively. Score ESSDAI. Flow cytometry was used to detect Th17, Treg, Breg and Th17/Treg in PBMC. Th17, Treg and Breg and Th17/Treg in peripheral blood of the two groups were analyzed and compared. Th17, Treg and Breg, and Th17/Treg before and after treatment were analyzed and compared in the experimental group. The correlation between Th17/Treg and Breg in peripheral blood of experimental group and ESSDAI score, serum ESR, CRP and IgG levels was analyzed. Results: Before treatment, the proportions of Breg and Treg in peripheral blood of experimental group were significantly decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05). The proportion of Th17 and Th17/Treg were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, the proportion of Breg and Treg in peripheral blood had no significant difference compared with that before treatment. The proportion of Th17 and Th17/Treg in peripheral blood were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the ratio of Th17/Treg cells in peripheral blood of the experimental group was positively correlated with ESSDAI score and serum ESR level before treatment (r=0.597, 0.470, P=0.034, 0.041). Conclusion: The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells and the abnormal level of Breg cells were found in pSS patients.